RoofViews

Residential Roofing

Attic Ventilation Options: What You Need to Know

By Jeff Avitabile

October 25, 2020

Unfinished roof frame of new residential construction.

Understanding your attic ventilation options can lead to higher quality roof system installations, which in turn boosts your business and helps keep your customers happy. Sounds like an all-around win, right? Fortunately, installing the right attic ventilation options can be a bit simpler when you know how to calculate the proper amount of ventilation and choose the right products for the job.

Installing effective ventilation—and helping your customers understand what you're doing—can also build trust and respect among your customers. When you talk about proper attic ventilation, you differentiate yourself from your competitors. Instead of dropping off a shingle sample board and a quote with the customer, you can raise the bar by teaching your customer about other important parts of a roofing system.

When it comes to your attic ventilation options, here are some key things you should know.

Why Attic Ventilation Is Important

A properly ventilated attic allows air to flow in at the lowest point and escape at the highest point. Ventilation helps protect the roof system from the inside out in virtually all climates and weather conditions.

To help your customers understand how important attic ventilation is, consider touching on the following talking points:

  • Energy efficiency: Excessive heat in an unventilated attic may cause your AC unit to work overtime and contribute to increased energy costs. Proper attic ventilation can help promote the home's energy efficiency by allowing convection to do some of the work instead. Cooler, dry air pushes out excessive heat and moisture.

  • Moisture Damage: Without the flow of drier outside air through the attic, condensation and moisture can collect in attics and lead to all kinds of problems. Mold can flourish in unventilated areas. Insulation impacted by moisture may lose R-value—again potentially impacting energy bills. Moisture and condensation can lead to potential damage to roofing products and structural supports.

  • Ice Damming: Without proper ventilation, heat from the home's interior can collect in the attic and, in conjunction with the sun, can melt the snow on the roof. The melted snow flows down to the lower portion of the roof, then freezes again at night as the exterior temperature drops. This cycle of freeze and thaw can cause ice to back up under the shingles, which can damage the roof system and lead to expensive interior damage such as stained interior drywall and wet insulation. Proper ventilation allows cool exterior air into the attic to reduce that interior heat build-up, which in turn helps to reduce the melting and freezing cycle that typically causes ice damming.

How to Calculate Ventilation

Use this quick, three-step process to find the right attic ventilation for each house.

  1. Measure the attic floor space (L x W) of the area to be ventilated. Get inside the attic; don't just use the roof plane as the basis for measurement.

  2. Calculate the total attic ventilation needed with the easy-to-use 1:300 rule. Install a minimum of 1 square foot of attic ventilation for every 300 square feet of attic floor space being ventilated when using soffit to ridge venting, per the U.S. Federal Housing Authority. This online ventilation calculator does the math for you.

  3. Divide the total ventilation needed in half. One half will be exhaust ventilation, and the other half will be intake ventilation. It's crucial that exhaust and intake be evenly split (commonly referred to as a balanced system)—otherwise, the system can be rendered ineffective. Unfortunately, many times intake ventilation is overlooked, whether due to a lack of soffits, complicated roof design, or simply because you just didn't think about it.

How to Choose Attic Ventilation Options

An industry leader installs ventilation products tailored to the customer's roof style, architecture, and regional climate—not just what's cheapest and easiest.

Exhaust Ventilation

Install exhaust ventilation at the highest roof point to move as much hot, moist air out of the attic as possible. Ridge vents, like those in the GAF Cobra® product line, are typically installed at the ridge or peak of the roof to move hot air out. There are also various off-ridge exhaust options, like the GAF Master Flow® product line, for modern roof designs with limited ridge. These options include power attic vents, roof louvers, and wind turbines.

Intake Ventilation

Intake ventilation is installed at the lowest portion of the roof to allow cooler, drier outside air to push warm, moist attic air up and out of exhaust vents. Remember, the exhaust ventilation needs the intake ventilation for the system to be effective. Intake ventilation includes soffit and undereave vents, like those in the GAF Master Flow® product line.

Installing intake ventilation may often require you to collaborate with other trades like siding or carpenters to ensure proper intake ventilation is installed. You may even have to make sure the painter hasn't painted over the intake vents at the eaves and that they are clear of any attic insulation or debris. If coordinating with the other trades simply isn't an option, or you're doing a re-roofing job, check out Cobra IntakePro®, an intake vent that keeps roofers on the roof. Similar to a ridge vent, an air slot is cut into the lower portion of the roof deck to allow a continuous flow of intake air into the attic.

Climate-Appropriate Ventilation Products

Installing the right products for the region's climate so that the ventilation system runs at peak performance is key. For example, a product like Cobra® SnowCountry® features an internal snow filter for colder, snow-prone environments. Even without the risk of regular snowfall, it's always smart to use a filtered ridge vent in colder climates or those in higher altitudes.

On the other hand, the Cobra® Rigid Vent 3™ is designed specifically for handling attic ventilation in warmer climates. The right roofing products work with proper attic ventilation options to help keep roofing systems healthy and balanced. This vent is not only designed to allow heat and moisture to escape the attic, it also helps resist wind-driven rain infiltration.

GAF offers a broad line of attic ventilation products including ridge, hip, intake, power, and other off-ridge ventilation solutions for use on virtually any roof design and in any climate. Installing the right ventilation products in a properly balanced system helps to keep your customers' roof systems functioning properly for years to come.

Continue to elevate your roofing knowledge and business skills through online education with the experts at the GAF Learning Portal. (If you're accessing the Learning Portal for the first time, use Branch code: GAF when registering.)

About the Author

Jeff Avitabile is sr. product manager for GAF, covering various GAF steep slope accessory and specialty products. Jeff has been with GAF for over 17 years in various marketing roles and responsibilities. Before GAF, Jeff was an inside-sales and technical representative for a wholesale building materials distributor in Northern New Jersey.

Related Articles

A roofer installs the GAF Master Flow™ Pivot™ Pipe Boot Flashing
Residential Roofing

Using Pipe Boot Flashing for a Roof Leak Repair

Plumbing vent pipe penetrations are vulnerable points on a home's roof. They're often a common source for roof leaks. So when a customer calls you with a problem involving a pipe on their roof, you'll want to present them with an effective and long-lasting solution.Installing quality pipe boot flashing can help stop leaks and protect against future water intrusions. Here are the key details to know when using pipe boot flashing for a roof leak repair.Why Quality Flashing MattersWhen installing flashing to any part of a roof, the material you use can make the difference between a leak forming a year later or after several decades. Using premium flashing products—like the GAF Master Flow™ Pivot™ Pipe Boot Flashing—can give you and your customers valuable peace of mind.GAF Pivot Pipe Boot Flashing stands out for a few reasons; it provides top-notch performance and visual appeal. The exterior design completely covers the pipes without exposed seals, collars, or gaskets, providing water-tight protection and excellent leak resistance. The all-metal construction is also aesthetically appealing. It comes in four color options to match the color scheme of the roof's existing shingles.Quality roofing materials can potentially save you time and energy, as you won't be called out to your customer's property to find and repair leaks after every rainstorm. Additionally, knowing you chose the right product and properly installed it can result in satisfied clients who respect your professionalism and recommend your business to others.Benefits of GAF Pipe Boot FlashingGAF Master Flow™ Pivot™ Pipe Boot Flashing offers several other advantages for homeowners and contractors beyond just a roof leak repair.Excellent DurabilityDuring its development, GAF Master Flow™ Pivot™ Pipe Boot Flashing was subjected to rigorous industry testing to ensure it can stand up to the elements and strikes from trees or debris. The product passed several tests, including the 110 mph wind-driven rain resistance test per TAS 100(A), lab-simulated ice dam resistance, and UL 2218 Class 4 impact resistance.Warranty ProtectionUsing products with strong warranties can show clients you use only high-quality materials, improving your credibility and reputation. Customers also gain peace of mind that any defects can be repaired or fully replaced.Once a GAF-certified contractor installs the pipe boot flashing, it's warranted for up to 50 years against leaks or as long as the adjacent roof covering's warranty. GAF Residential Enhanced warranties can provide additional reassurance for roofing contractors and homeowners.How to Use Pipe Boot Flashing for a Roof Leak RepairWhether a customer's plumbing vent pipes weren't installed with flashing or the flashing got damaged, you can often attribute a roof leak to this system component. After confirming this is the case through your roof leak detection process, you can address the issue.If a lower-quality flashing didn't previously work, use premium materials, like the GAF Master Flow™ Pivot™ Pipe Boot Flashing, to quickly fix the roof leak and help prevent similar problems from arising.Though pipe flashing is easy to install, carefully follow the instructions, as improper installation is often a common reason for leakage. Place the product over the protruding pipe, on top of the roof's leak barrier. The ball and socket pitch adjustment feature allows you to match the roof pitch for a perfect fit. Once you fasten it with corrosion-resistant roofing nails, you can shingle over its sides and top.Adding GAF Pipe Boot Flashing to Your ToolboxUsing quality products to complete your jobs can help you feel confident about your workmanship, and your customers can rest easy knowing their home is protected. GAF carries many premium roofing products to ensure roofing work is done right.Learn more about this cutting-edge GAF product and its simple installation method by exploring the GAF Master Flow™ Pivot™ Pipe Boot Flashing product page.

By Authors Mark Soto

December 13, 2024

Contractor discussing roof damage with a customer
Residential Roofing

How Innovations in Hurricane Shingles Protect Your Roof from Storms

Each year, hurricanes cause billions of dollars in losses for homeowners across the country. In an effort to combat this, the roofing industry has made advances to help reduce the impact caused by storm damage, including specially designed shingles that can handle heavy impacts and high winds.If you live in a hurricane-prone area, here's what you need to know about hurricane shingles designed to handle the high wind speeds and debris impacts that can come with major hurricanes.Understanding Impact-Resistant ShinglesHurricane Shingles, (or impact-resistant shingles) are built to withstand both impacts and high wind speeds. They're robust, often created from a unique combination of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and asphalt, providing more strength than non-reinforced asphalt shingles.In hurricane-prone areas, sharp winds can easily blow debris and other large objects—like tree branches—onto a roof. Shingles that pass the UL 2218 Class 4 impact-resistant test are most effective at limiting impact damage. These shingles are tested by dropping a 2-inch steel ball from 20 feet above. The steel ball impacts various target locations of the shingles on the test deck. The test includes two impacts per target location. The shingles must handle the impact while showing no evidence of ruptures or cracks through the shingle.These shingles should also be able to withstand Category 3 hurricane wind speeds, ranging from 111 to 129 mph.Choosing the Right Shingles for Your RoofWhen deciding between hurricane shingles, consider their wind classification, impact resistance, and warranties.Wind ClassificationQuality, UL 2218 Class 4 impact-resistant shingles should be able to handle at least 110 mph wind speeds. These shingles tend to be made of either metal or asphalt mixed with SBS. For example, the GAF TimberSteel™ Premium Metal Roofing System is effective against high wind speeds due to layers of protection, innovatively designed to help protect your home against the elements.Impact ResistanceQuality hurricane roofing materials, including impact-resistant shingles come with enhanced protection against impacts from objects, especially hail. While these shingles may be more expensive than non-reinforced asphalt shingles, they tend to require less maintenance. And since these shingles can withstand certain kinds of impacts that often happen during a hurricane, it may not need as many repairs.WarrantiesConsider the shingles' warranties and what you're protected against. A wind warranty can guarantee roof repair and replacement for specific wind speeds as long as you meet all the warranty's requirements.GAF Hurricane Roofing InnovationsCertain GAF shingles like Timberline® AS II have the best possible wind and impact resistance ratings. They meet the highest rating, Class F, for the Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (ASTM D3161). This means they can withstand wind speeds up to 110 mph.Timberline® AS II shingles also have the highest rating, Class H, for the Classification for the Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (ASTM D7158). This means the shingles can resist uplift from up to 150 mph wind speeds. If that wasn't enough, these shingles' Class 4 classification for the UL 2218 test means they can handle a 2-inch steel ball drop test from 20 feet above.With the highest possible ratings for all these tests, the Timberline® AS II shingles are proven and tested against the closest possible hurricane-like conditions (testing performed under controlled laboratory conditions). The robust SBS-modified asphalt material and LayerLock® technology help fortify your roof against wind, rain, and hail. These GAF shingles are also eligible for the WindProven™ Limited Wind Warranty**, which provides infinite wind speed protection when installed with the required combination of four qualifying GAF accessories.Shingle Installation and Roof Maintenance TipsProperly installing impact-resistant shingles is essential for them to perform their best, so choose an experienced roofer. They'll know how to nail the shingles correctly and make sure they're firmly attached to each other and the roof to prevent any openings for leaks or weaknesses. Also, ask your roofer if they know how to install hurricane clips to help prevent your roof from flying off during a storm.Once your roof is installed, perform regular maintenance every year before and after hurricane season. Replace any missing or broken shingles, and secure any loose shingles. Also, replace any rusted nails or flashing. As part of roof maintenance, confirm your gutters are working properly and clean out any leaves, allowing water to flow away from your home.A weak point on a roof can degrade even further in harsh hurricane weather, and ensuring your roof is in stable condition can help keep you and your home safe.FAQsWhat are the best shingles for high wind?The best shingles for high winds are classified as Class F for the ASTM D3161 and Class H for the ASTM D7158 test. These two classifications mean the shingles have the best ratings for handling hurricane winds.Do impact-resistant shingles last longer?Due to their durable construction, made with SBS-modified asphalt, which makes shingles more flexible and better able to withstand impact stress than standard architectural shingles, GAF impact-resistant shingles are built to last many years.Preparing for the Next StormAfter the hurricane season, check your roof for damage. View this GAF guide on roof storm damage to learn what to look for and what to expect for possible repairs. If your roof needs work before or after a storm, reach out to a certified contractor* in your local area for guidance and support.*Contractors enrolled in GAF certification programs are not employees or agents of GAF, and GAF does not control or otherwise supervise these independent businesses. Contractors may receive benefits, such as loyalty rewards points and discounts on marketing tools from GAF for participating in the program and offering GAF enhanced warranties, which require the use of a minimum amount of GAF products. Your dealings with a Contractor, and any services they provide to you, are subject to the GAF Contractor Terms of Use.**15-year WindProven™ limited wind warranty covers GAF Shingles with LayerLock® Technology only and requires the use of GAF Starter Strips, Roof Deck Protection, Ridge Cap Shingles, and Leak Barrier or Attic Ventilation. See GAF Roofing System Limited Warranty for complete coverage and restrictions. Visit gaf.com/LRS for qualifying GAF products. For installations not eligible for the WindProven limited wind warranty, see GAF Shingle & Accessory Limited Warranty for complete coverage and restrictions.

By Authors Mark Soto

December 06, 2024

Roofer installing GAF TimberTex ridge cap shingles on the roof of a house.
Residential Roofing

Ridge Cap Shingles: What to Know About GAF TimberTex® and TimberCrest®

When helping customers identify the roofing materials they want installed on their properties, the functional and aesthetic qualities are both top considerations. While you're aiming to provide adequate protection from the elements and ensure energy efficiency, homeowners are also interested in how it will all look.Premium shingles can satisfy both priorities, effectively protecting the home (and its inhabitants) while providing an eye-catching appearance and boosting curb appeal.If a customer invests in premium shingles, you'll want to use equally high-quality ridge caps to finish the roof. Premium ridge cap shingles, such as GAF TimberTex® and GAF TimberCrest®, offer a strong protective layer and provide the same luxe look as GAF premium shingles.Here are the key details to know about these ridge cap shingles as well as insights and talking points you can share with customers.What Is GAF TimberTex®?GAF TimberTex® Premium Ridge Cap Shingles measure 12 inches (305 millimeters) wide, with extra-large 8" (203 mm) exposure, which is larger than traditional ridge cap shingles. The large exposure results in less pieces to install and creates a dimensional, luxurious look. These ridge cap shingles were designed to complement the color of GAF shingles, avoiding matching issues and providing the perfect finishing touch.The TimberTex® double-layer design creates added protection on the hips and ridges and delivers an elevated, dimensional appearance. The ridge caps also use Dura Grip™ Self-Seal Adhesive to ensure they stay attached to the roof during sharp winds. They're available in various states across the United States.Shingle Pairing OptionsIf customers invest in Timberline UHDZ(R), Timberline HDZ(R) or Designer Lifetime Shingles, you'll want to use ridge caps that provide the same rich look. GAF Timberline UHDZ® shingles can be combined with TimberTex® ridge caps to give a roof a dramatic, dimensional look. The ridge caps aesthetically complement Timberline UHDZ® shingles on the hips and ridges.What Is GAF TimberCrest®?GAF TimberCrest® Premium SBS‑Modified Ridge Cap Shingles measure 10 inches (254 millimeters) and allow it to meet UL 2218 Class 4 impact resistance, and feature a bullnose rounded edge. They're built with an SBS polymer-modified asphalt that increases its flexibility. These ridge cap singles are ready to install out of the box, helping make quick work for your projects.To make your job easier, GAF TimberCrest® cap shingles also come with an alignment guide in the headlap to ensure proper centering on the hip and ridge. It's specifically constructed to enhance the architectural aesthetics of houses in the West, Southwest, and BC Canada.Shingle Pairing OptionsIn addition to Timberline HDZ(R) and Timberline HDZ(R) RS, TimberCrest(R) Ridge Cap shingles pair well with GAF Timberline® AS II shingles with a high-profile UL 2218 Class 4 impact resistance. These enhanced profile ridge caps also have Class 4 impact resistance and give Timberline® AS II shingles a more dramatic appearance than traditional ridge caps like the GAF Seal-A-Ridge® AS. Customers get the best of both worlds in their roofing system with effectiveness and aesthetic appearance.TimberCrest® ridge caps also complement GAF Grand Sequoia® AS shingles, which have a wooden shakes-like appearance and Class 4 impact resistance. Both are built using SBS-modified material, which gives the shingles and ridge caps enhanced flexibility as the roof expands and contracts in different weather conditions.Warranty Protection Offered for Both Ridge Cap OptionsStainGuard Plus™ Algae Protection Limited Warranty* protection is included with TimberTex® and TimberCrest®, both of which tie into the GAF Lifetime Roofing System**. This is just one of the many benefits of choosing the GAF ecosystem of products for your roofing projects.Apart from the premium and durable products GAF offers, a strong warranty that can back up your jobs ensures happy customers, a good reputation, and continuous work for your company. When you install premium GAF shingles with three qualifying GAF accessories for your customers, they automatically get a GAF Lifetime Warranty. When installed with four qualifying GAF accessories, they become eligible for the WindProven™ Limited Wind Warranty***.Choosing the Right Roofing Products for Your Next JobGAF TimberTex® and TimberCrest® premium ridge cap shingles, which function best when combined with GAF shingles, can effectively protect a roof while maintaining its aesthetic appeal. To see all the options available to your customers, explore GAF ridge cap shingle products.Ready to move forward with one of the premium ridge cap shingle options? Reach out to your area's GAF Territory Manager for availability and more information.*25-year StainGuard Plus™ Algae Protection Limited Warranty against blue-green algae discoloration is available only on products sold in packages bearing the StainGuard Plus™ logo. See GAF Shingle & Accessory Limited Warranty for complete coverage and restrictions.**See GAF Shingle & Accessory Ltd. Warranty for complete coverage and restrictions. The word "Lifetime" refers to the length of coverage provided by the GAF Shingle & Accessory Ltd. Warranty, and means as long as the original individual owner(s) of a single-family detached residence [or the second owner(s) in certain circumstances] owns the property where the shingles and accessories are installed. For owners/structures not meeting the above criteria, Lifetime coverage is not applicable. Lifetime ltd. Warranty on accessories requires the use of at least three qualifying GAF accessories and the use of Lifetime Shingles.***15-year WindProven™ limited wind warranty covers GAF Shingles with LayerLock® Technology only and requires the use of GAF Starter Strips, Roof Deck Protection, Ridge Cap Shingles, and Leak Barrier or Attic Ventilation. See GAF Roofing System Limited Warranty for complete coverage and restrictions. Visit gaf.com/LRS for qualifying GAF products. For installations not eligible for the WindProven limited wind warranty, see GAF Shingle & Accessory Limited Warranty for complete coverage and restrictions.

By Authors Mark Soto

December 03, 2024

Don't miss another GAF RoofViews post!

Subscribe now